The two before-after studies

Hemodynamic Studies Before and After Instrumental Mitral

surgery and to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of mitral stenosis. Although surgery produced a significant increase in calculated mitral valve area, the degree of improvement varied markedly. The younger patients had the greater increase in mitral valve area. The change in cardiac index and pulmonary vascular resistance correlated well with the change in mitral valve area. Only...

Before After Before After

Comparing the Pattern of Primary Dysmenorrhea Before and After Childbirth

Background & aim: Dysmenorrhea also known as menstrual cramp or painful period is one of the most prevalent health issues among women. There are contradictory evidence regarding the impact of childbirth on the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Also, only pain severity has been examined, as one of the clinical features of dysmenorrea in most related literature and the other characteristics of pain inc...

Isotope cerebral perfusion studies before and after extracranial/intracranial bypass.

A quick, inexpensive, and reliable method of estimating cerebral perfusion is described that uses simple gamma camera and computer facilities readily available in almost all neuroradiology departments. Eighty-eight patients with unilateral cerebral ischemia were studied who satisfied the criteria for inclusion in the international cooperative study for extracranial/intracranial arterial anastom...

Sequential H2O PET Studies in Baboons: Before and After Amphetamine

PET and 11C-raclopride have been used to assess dopamine activity in vivo using a paradigm that involved d-amphetamine (AMPH)–induced endogenous dopamine release that led to reductions (relative to baseline) in the 11C-raclopride–specific binding parameter (binding potential). A common assumption in bolus injection PET studies of this type is that cerebral blood flow (CBF) does not vary during ...